Network refers to a group of interconnected devices that share resources and information. These devices include computers, servers, printers and other hardware. The main aim of computer networking is to enable data communication among various devices based on protocols.
The two main fundamental things of a network are nodes and links.
What is Data Communication?
Data Communication is the process of sharing of data between two or multiple devices. Before data communication devices should be connected to each other. We need to create a network between devices to achieve data communication. Connection of all devices before communication is called a network.
Components of Data Communication
- Data – Information or message
- Sender – Who sends the data
- Receiver – who receives the data
- Transmission Medium – A medium through which data will be transmitted ( wired / wireless )
- Protocol – set of rules and regulations that check how data is transmitted over a network
During data communication, how the data will be transmitted from sender to receiver or vice versa is known as data flow or mode of communication.
Three data flow categories are :-
- Simplex – Unidirectional i.e data goes in one direction. There is one constant sender and receiver.
- Half Duplex – Both directional communication but not at the same time
- Full Duplex – can communicate in both direction simultaneously.
Categorization of Networks
Networks are categorized on the basis of structurization and working of a network .
Topology
Network topology refers to the physical and logical arrangements of nodes in a network. It shows the on field structurization of a network. The common network topologies include mesh, bus, ring, star and hybrid topology.
Working of a network are categorized into LAN,MAN,WAN.